Hydraulics & Fluid Mechanics

Rapid urbanization replaces natural vegetated landscapes with impermeable surfaces (roads, roofs, parking lots). This prevents rainwater infiltration, causing elevated peak…

The Physics of Hydraulic Shock Water hammer, or hydraulic shock, is a pressure surge or wave caused when a fluid…

Introduction Hydraulic turbines are turbomachines that extract energy from moving water and convert it into mechanical work, which is then…

Open channel hydraulics deals with fluid flow in channels where the top surface is exposed to the atmosphere, such as…

The Physics of a Hydraulic Jump A hydraulic jump occurs when a rapid, high-velocity supercritical flow ($Fr > 1$) transitions…